Introduction: Understanding sex-related differences and gendered roles in outbreak dynamics is critical to deliver an effective response. We examined the extent to which sex-disaggregated data and gendered data for outbreak analytics and responses are collected, analyzed, and utilized in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. Five databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature examining sex- and gender-specific outcomes for communicable disease outbreaks, published in English between January 1, 2012, and April 12, 2022. Results were independently screened, and all articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Findings: A total of 71 out of 15,601 screened articles were included in the analysis. The literature describes sex- and gender-related differences in outbreak susceptibility, risk of exposure, symptoms, severity of illness, healthcare-seeking behavior, and access to treatment and support services. Findings varied by disease, setting, and population. Gaps in the analysis and use of sex-disaggregated data and gendered data in outbreak response were identified. The analysis showed that identified sex and gender-related differences were not systematically utilized to address sex and gender-related barriers to health, implement sex and gender-specific prevention messaging, and adapt disease detection and treatment across all aspects of the outbreak response. Conclusions: Despite existing recommendations and minimum requirements, collection, analysis, and use of sex-disaggregated data and gendered data, including operational analytics, are seldom included in outbreak response. While sex data is often collected during outbreaks in LMIC, few publications disaggregated outcomes by sex or discussed gendered roles in outbreak dynamics, and even fewer examined the implications of the observed differential outcomes. Mounting evidence calls for an approach to outbreak prevention, detection, response, and recovery that includes sex and gender specificities. Context-specific guidance for the systematic collection, analysis, and utilization of sex-disaggregated data and gender data is urgently needed.