Introduction: Access to basic healthcare services for the whole population has been a priority the successive governments in senegal since independence. Mutual health insurance has been the driving force behind health coverage since the 2000s. This policy aimed to reach 75% coverage of the population by 2019. This study aims to describe the characteristics and also analyze the viability of mutual health insurances in vélingara. Methodology: The mixed method was used to evaluate both the viability of mutual health insurances and the perception of the communities. Viability was evaluated in its four technical, functional, financial and institutional aspects. For the population’s perception, interviews were conducted with beneficiaries, non-beneficiaries, community leaders and UHC officials. Results: At the institutional level, all of the mutual health insurances were viable and had internal regulations, a statute, a license and a bank account. On the technical level, they were exposed to the risk of adverse selection. On the other hand, from a functional point of view, none of mutual health insurances was viable, with a very low rate of retention. Finally, from a financial point of view, none of the mutual health insurances had the capacity to honor their medium- and long-term debts without resorting to external resources. In addition, the results of the survey showed a lack of information and a high cost of membership. Conclusions: All the mutual health insurances were experiencing difficulties and required urgent corrective measures and support from the state and local authorities. Keywords: mutual health insurance, evaluation, viability, perceptions, Sénégal