Embedded in the EU-funded projects and Joint Actions EQADeBa (2008-2011), QUANDHIP (2011-2015), EMERGE (2015-2019), and currently implemented into SHARP (2019-March 2023), the EMERGE Laboratory Network is a success story and essential for the protection of European citizens against exposure to a panel of high threat bacteria and viruses. Indeed, especially, for emerging and re-emerging pathogens, classified as Risk Group (RG) 3 and 4, the need for an efficient, rapid, quality assured and coordinated response is addressed to prevent and manage major public health emergencies. The EMERGE laboratory network on highly infectious pathogens operates in compliance with the currently revised Decision No 1082/2013/EU and comprises about 40 reference laboratories. The network is deeply engaged in laboratory capacity and capability building by quality assurance exercises, evaluation of new diagnostics, training and improvement of biorisk management in high containment laboratories.