The Indian population is adding 17 million people to the worlds total yearly, with an annual growth rate of 1.6 percent. Despite rapid economic growth in the past two decades, India is unlikely to meet the 2nd SDG Goal of cutting the proportion of hungry people almost to zero by 2030. Per capita availability and consumption of food grains in India have declined since 1996. Global Hunger Index (GHI-2022) ranks India 107th out of 121 countries, which placed it in the category of nations where hunger is at a serious level on the GHI severity scale. Worse, Indias score was poorer than that of many sub-Saharan African counties with a lower GDP than Indias. In recent years India has made considerable progress in tackling hunger and undernutrition. The pace of change has been uneven in the past two decades, and many have been left behind. This paper examines Indias hunger and nutrition situation due to the rising population and food scarcity through a broad literature review and statistical analyses using four rounds of NFHS data. Findings suggest the proportion of underweight children changed insignificantly between 2015-16 and 2019–21 (from 35.8 to 32.1 percent for the age group of 0–5 years). The latest NFHS 2019-21 shows that 35.5% of children under five years are stunted (height-for-age ), 19.3% of children under five years are wasted (weight-for-height), and 7.7% of children under five years are severely wasted (weight-for-height). These are appalling figures. Our study suggests policy measures for ensuring adequate food security at the household level, particularly for marginalized groups, women, and children. It will be an essential input to a broader international discussion of hunger, food security, nutrition, and food system under UN sustainable development goals, including eradicating hunger.