Background and Objective: Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death in Italy. There is currently growing evidence of the association between exposure to fire smoke and the occurrence of cardiopulmonary diseases. According to the 2017 ARPA Piedmont (regional environmental protection agency) report, October was the hottest month in the last 60 years in the area of interest, causing fires and wildfires scattered throughout the Alpine region. These events caused continuous exposure to organic combustion products for 20 days, in the municipalities of Piedmont. This study Aims to assess the cardiovascular and respiratory risk of populations exposed to smoke from the October 2017 forest fires in the Susa Valley. Methods: Hospital Discharge Records were requested to collect outcome data of hospitalizations and emergency department admissions for cardiopulmonary diseases that occurred before and after the fires and demographic data provided by the National Institute of Statistics regarding the resident population. Through air monitoring data from the ARPA Piedmont agency, municipalities will be grouped into 5 clusters by exposure risk, of which one will serve as a control. The assessment will be carried out from October 5th 2017 at 6 and 12 month follow-ups in the most affected areas, while the selected control period is from October 5, 2015 to October 4, 2017. Results: The currently available international literature shows an increase in hospital admissions for cardiopulmonary conditions, including AMI, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmias, COPD, asthma attacks, and pneumonia, in the fire exposure period compared with the control period. No Italian scientific studies, other than descriptive studies from grey literature, are available. Clear and sustained increases in PM10 were found during the exposure periods by ARPA agency. Conclusions: Our study is currently in progress, final results will be available in April 2023.