Background and Objectives: The sustainability of a diet is difficult to measure and requires a holistic approach that accommodates the multi-criteria nature of this concept enabling more integrated measures that better reflect its complexity. Therefore, we aimed to identify multicomponent measures derived from individual food consumption data to assess the sustainability of diets in healthy adult populations. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022358824). Articles were identified via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The final search was conducted until September 19th, 2022, selecting references from peer-reviewed journal articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The search strategy consisted of both keywords and MeSH terms. After the removal of duplicates, reviewers independently applied the eligibility criteria and, then, performed the data extraction and the methodological quality assessment of the included studies. A study was included in this review if it met the following criteria: 1) conducted in healthy adults, 2) assessed individual food consumption data, and 3) evaluated at least two components of sustainability (e.g., health/nutrition, economic, environmental, socio/cultural). Results: The literature search generated 5663 references. After the duplicates were removed, 3869 references remained. Subsequently of the screening of the title and abstract, 144 references were selected for full-text review. Of these, 5 studies already met the inclusion criteria. Different multicomponent measures were observed:  2 diverse Sustainable Diet Indexes, the World Index food Sustainability and Health, the Affordability of foods, and the Ecoefficiency of foods. Conclusions: Different multicomponent measures were found, all of them using approaches that could be useful to easily and holistically assess diet sustainability, to follow sustainability-related changes in individual or population dietary patterns, and to study the link with long-term health outcomes in order to help in guiding future public health policies.