Background: Public-private partnership (PPP) has remained an integral part of health reforms in India and is persisting to be an essential component of the National Health Mission (NHM). India being a welfare state has invariably emphasized the public delivery of services. However, due to concerns about underfunding in the public sector, the private sector stepped into the health sector and identified their roles and responsibilities for the effective implementation of health services and programmes. They have been mutually dependent and there has been a history of successful collaborations. The goal of this paper is to look at evidence on the performance of PPPs in health care services, and identify the challenges and give recommendations for a robust system. Methods: The authors have systematically reviewed peer-reviewed literature, specifically from the SCOPUS database. Data have been retrieved from the official archives of the Government of India online portals to provide us with significant information regarding the characteristics of the PPP model and other relevant evaluative studies. Results: The findings demonstrate that the majority of PPPs are based on contractual models. In the recent decades, the private sector has rapidly diversified its scope in the health sector and contributes > 70%. Emphasis needs to be given in the governance structure, monitoring framework, and redressal mechanism. Conclusions: It is important to provide a conducive environment in building the capacities of the states in administering PPP that will eventually help to establish a transparent, long-term, and sustainable public health system. From the capacity building of all actors involved in the partnership to assess the functioning, it becomes important to frame policies, legal and institutional frameworks to engage the private players. Keywords: public-private partnership, National Health Mission, health policy, healthcare sector