Introduction: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble compound, which is obtained by the body from   sunlight and intake through the diet. The deficiency of this vitamin causes disorders in both children and adults, ranging from rickets to osteoporosis, depending on the age range analyzed. Objective: To explain the social determinants involved in low levels of Vitamin D in women of childbearing age and older people in the Chilean population, according to the National Health Survey 2016 - 2017. Methodology: The present study constitutes a quantitative research carried out from secondary data, which were obtained from the Third National Health Survey 2016-2017, ENS 2016-2017. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the STATA tool, from which a Logit Multinomial Logistic Regression Model was designed, to determine if there is an association of variables, in which the variable explained or under study (dependent) will be related with those that, presumably, are related to it or directly affect it (independent). Conclusions: in both study groups, the low levels of circulating Vitamin D exceed 80%, which makes this condition dangerously abnormal for the development of infants and for optimal quality of life when age is advanced; Most of the social determinants of health analyzed point to higher probabilities of finding low levels of Vitamin D in the population studied. Keywords: Vitamin D, Social Determinants, ENS 2016-101.