Exposure to air pollution affects the health of people of all age groups around the world, especially children of age under five (U5) years. PM2.5 exposure is a persistent problem in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The overall anemia prevalence among children (U5) across India is 58%. Ambient PM2.5 exposure has been identified as a potential risk factor for child low birth weight, growth failure, and mortality. Moreover, whether the impact varies with PM2.5 species is not known. Here we examine the impact of life course exposure to ambient PM2.5 components on anemia prevalence among children (U5) across 640 Indian districts. We use NFHS-4 health data, the satellite-based PM2.5 exposure from Dey et al., 2020, whereas the species and sectoral data (WRF-CMAQ model) from Singh et al., 2021. The WRF-CMAQ model dataset provides information on PM2.5 species such as nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), black Carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate, dust and various sectors. A multiple logistic regression model adjusted with potential risk factors is used to estimate the effects of PM2.5 species on anemia prevalence. At the aggregate level, for each interquartile range (IQR) of NO3, anemia prevalence increased with an odds ratio (OR) 1.26 (95% UI: 1.24,1.29). For the corresponding increase in NH4, others, BC, OC, SO4, and soil, anemia prevalence increased by OR 1.19 (95% UI: 1.17,1.21), 1.16 (95% UI: 1.14, 1.18), 1.15 (95% UI: 1.13, 1.17), 1.11 (95% UI: 1.09, 1.13), 1.12 (95% UI: 1.11,1.13), and 1.10 (95% UI: 1.08,1.11), respectively. Furthermore, for every IQR increase in PM2.5 exposures attributable to sectoral emissions, domestic sector showed the highest OR, followed by road dust, international, agricultural waste burning, industry, and transport sectors. This study will support the policymakers to trace specific sectors that are contributing to PM2.5 exposure and other pollutants that in turn, cause lethal health impacts.