Health literacy is a determinant that greatly influences individual and population health. In 2014, the first systematic study of health literacy in selected EU countries was published (HLS-EU) - Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Spain, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland. Same method was used in Czech Republic the very same year. Results were rather alarming yet not surprising. Level of health literacy was insufficient and problematic among Czechs (13,3% insufficient and 29,2 % problematic). Ten years after the first European Health Literacy Study (HLS - EU), the results of the second European Health Literacy Study (HLS19), based on the experience of respondents from 17 countries in the WHO European Region were published. The countries included are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland. These two studies will be compared and presented in the context of the level of health literacy of the Czech population. The presentation will include an introduction to existing health literacy support structures in Czech Republic (e.g. the Institute for Health Literacy, the Czech Medical Association of J.E.Purkyně, the National Institute of Public Health). In conclusion, it appears that there is a need for repeated measurement of health literacy, clarifying the evaluation methodology and thus avoiding bias.