Background: Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), a brain dysfunction that occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen or blood flow, remains a problem of great concern worldwide especially in developing countries. The incidence of HIE ranges from 1.5 to 8 per 1000 live births and from 2 to 26 per 1000 live births respectively in developing and underdeveloped countries including Rwanda. Despite the above information there is paucity of data about the magnitude of HIE in Rwanda. We analyzed HIE data to describe characteristics of HIE patients in Huye district during the period of 2021 . Methods: This a descriptive study by conducting a retrospective review of surveillance data. HIE case was defined as neonate admitted in Kabutare hospital for HIE as final diagnosis in 2021. We described demographic characteristics of HIE cases as well as maternal underlying factors contributing to the occurrence and calculated Incidence and case fatality (CFR) rates. Results were presented in frequency and proportions. Results: In total, 956 neonates were recorded by Huye district including 120 HIE cases (Incidence rate 125 per 1000 births in 2021). Of them, 64.2% were males, 13.3% died (CFR=19.2%); gestation age was (GA) 73.3% at term and 20.8% unknown; 62.5% were born at the Hospital and 36.6% at Health center; 80% of HIE neonates were from mothers aged between 18-35 years and 52.5% from mothers with Gravida one. Conclusions: Incidence and CFR were higher than in developing countries. Lack of knowledge on last menstrual period, delivery at the hospitals, primigravida mother and gestational age should be analytically studied to set up preventive measures as recommended during the provision of feedback to the decision makers in Huye district.