Background and objective: The conicity index is indicated as a tool for assessing the nutritional status of renal individuals undergoing hemodialysis. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of abdominal obesity using the conicity index in a renal population on hemodialysis to verify its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors and lifestyle habits. Methods: This a cross-sectional study with 941 individuals undergoing hemodialysis in a metropolitan region southeastern Brazil. The conicity index was calculated and cutoffs of 1.275 and 1.285 for men and women, respectively, were used. For the analysis of the results, binary logistic regression was performed and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with their respective confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The conicity index was high in 56.54% (95% CI: 34.34-70.16) and 43,46% (95% CI: 38.45-55.20) of men and women, respectively. It was found that the adult age group in men (OR=3.71; p<0.001; 95% CI: 2.27-6.07) and women (OR=4.06; p<0.001; 95% CI: 2.41-6.84) were more likely to have abdominal obesity, as well as self-declared brown race (OR=1.74; p=0.046; 95% CI: 1.01-3.00) and being sigle (OR=1.64; p=0.047; 95% CI: 1.00-2.68) in males. Conclusions: The conicity index is an important anthropometric indicator to estimate the prevalence of abdominal obesity in individuals with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.